主编:蔡昉
出版社:社会科学文献出版社
出版日期:2008年
图书ISBN:978-7-5097-0350-2
内容简介
2007年以“刘易斯转折点”为主题的人口与劳动绿皮书出版之后,在学术界和政策研究领域引起很大的争论。中国经济发展到现在,不管从理论上如何概括,应用什么样的概念来阐述当前的经济发展阶段,劳动力短缺现象越来越普遍毋庸置疑。因此,这本绿皮书在继续提供新的证据的基础上,着重于分析经济发展阶段的变化——换句话说.刘易斯转折点的到来,可以为我们提供哪些机会,以及如何在政策上因应这些可能的机会。具体来说,本书认为,刘易斯转折点的来临是普通劳动者和低收入家庭提高其收入水平、改变其在收入分配中地位的大好机会。在政策对路的情况下,我们预期可以把刘易斯转折点与收入分配状况改善的库兹涅茨转折点结合起来,实现“边增长、边分配”。
目录
上 篇
专题报告一 中国收入分配状况……………………………………………………李 实/001
一 收入分配基本状况…………………………………………………………………/002
二 中国收入差距有多大?……………………………………………………………/011
三 如何理解不断扩大的收入差距?…………………………………………………/015
四 如何提高收入分配的公平性?……………………………………………………/024
专题报告二 中国宏观经济走势与劳动力市场供求形势变化…………王德文 高文书/029
一 高增长阶段的就业变化……………………………………………………………/029
二 城镇劳动力市场供求的新特征……………………………………………………/035
三 经济和政策因素对未来劳动力市场供求的影响…………………………………/045
四 结论与政策建议……………………………………………………………………/051
专题报告三 中国劳动立法的新阶段………………………………………………王文珍/053
一 《劳动合同法》:进一步完善了劳动合同制度…………………………………/053
二 《就业促进法》:确立了促进就业的长效机制…………………………………/063
三 《劳动争议调解仲裁法》:建立了快速处理劳动争议的新机制………………/066
四 《职工带薪年休假条例》:为带薪年休假制度提供了更为明确的法律依据…/068
五 “三法一条例”的实施:任重而道远……………………………………………/070
下 篇
第一章 收入分配差距缩小的条件成熟了吗?……………………………………蔡 昉/071
一 转折点及其内涵和关系……………………………………………………………/071
二 经济增长与收入分配………………………………………………………………/074
三 实现“库兹涅茨转折”的条件……………………………………………………/076
四 就业扩大缓解收入分配状况………………………………………………………/080
五 通过劳动力流动缩小差距…………………………………………………………/084
第二章 刘易斯转折点与中国经验…………………………………………………王德文/088
一 什么是刘易斯转折点?……………………………………………………………/089
二 农村劳动力剩余数量………………………………………………………………/092
三 工资率变化…………………………………………………………………………/097
四 相关经验证据………………………………………………………………………/099
五 刘易斯转折点的发展含义…………………………………………………………/101
第三章 刘易斯转折点的国际经验………………………………………王德文 任 吉/104
一 理论视角与实证经验………………………………………………………………/104
二 东亚地区的发展经验………………………………………………………………/111
三 结论与启示…………………………………………………………………………/119
第四章 工资水平、工资差异与劳动力成本………………………………………都 阳/122
一 工资水平及其变化…………………………………………………………………/122
二 制造业劳动力成本及其国际比较…………………………………………………/126
三 刘易斯转折点后的工资差异………………………………………………………/131
四 结论…………………………………………………………………………………/136
第五章 制造业劳动生产率变化及其含义………………………………都 阳 曲 玥/138
一 观察生产率变化的意义……………………………………………………………/138
二 边际劳动生产率及其变动趋势……………………………………………………/140
三 刘易斯转折点后的劳动力成本优势………………………………………………/148
四 结论…………………………………………………………………………………/151
第六章 农业生产率变动与农村劳动力流动研究…………………………………王智勇/154
一 数据与研究方法……………………………………………………………………/154
二 农业边际产值的变化………………………………………………………………/156
三 劳动日工价与劳动平均产值………………………………………………………/158
四 农村劳动力价格的区域差异………………………………………………………/161
五 小结…………………………………………………………………………………/165
第七章 农村剩余劳动力的新估计及其含义…………………蔡 昉 都 阳 王美艳/167
一 基于“农业需求劳动力”估计农村劳动力剩余的缺陷…………………………/167
二 农村劳动力资源的配置状况………………………………………………………/170
三 基于个体特征估计农村剩余劳动力………………………………………………/173
四 主要结论及政策含义………………………………………………………………/177
第八章 户籍制度改革的历程与展望……………………………………王美艳 蔡 昉/180
一 户籍制度的建立与维系……………………………………………………………/180
二 2000年以前的户籍制度改革………………………………………………………/183
三 新世纪的户籍制度改革……………………………………………………………/186
四 关于户籍制度改革的思考…………………………………………………………/189
第九章 如何认识劳动力市场供求……………………………都 阳 王智勇 王美艳/194
一 判断劳动力市场形势的两种方法…………………………………………………/194
二 “流量汇总法”的结果……………………………………………………………/196
三 “存量分析法”的结果……………………………………………………………/202
四 从供求增量关系看劳动力市场形势………………………………………………/203
五 对一些问题的回答…………………………………………………………………/207
第十章 农民工的社会保障…………………………………………………………王德文/209
一 社会保障覆盖情况…………………………………………………………………/209
二 为什么农民工参保率很低?………………………………………………………/214
三 参与社会保险的优先序……………………………………………………………/218
四 社会保障体制改革进展……………………………………………………………/220
结论和政策建议…………………………………………………………………………/224
第十一章 农民工的福利状况………………………………………………………王 冉/227
一 所用数据……………………………………………………………………………/228
二 农民工最低工资覆盖、劳动时间、工资拖欠和住房的基本状况………………/229
三 农民工福利状况的影响因素及各福利影响因素之间的差异……………………/240
四 结论和政策建议……………………………………………………………………/246
第十二章 自然失业率与青年就业困难…………………………………王德文 王美艳/249
一 中国自然失业率变化………………………………………………………………/249
二 青年失业是自然失业率的重要内容………………………………………………/254
三 大学生就业困难剖析………………………………………………………………/259
四 提高青年就业率的途径和措施……………………………………………………/265
第十三章 残疾人的就业现状与就业扶助……………………赖德胜 廖 娟 胡仲明/269
一 引言…………………………………………………………………………………/269
二 残疾人就业现状:基于抽样调查数据的分析……………………………………/270
三 残疾人的收入与贫困状况…………………………………………………………/282
四 残疾人的就业扶助…………………………………………………………………/287
CONTENTS
Part One
Report 1 The Current Income Distribution in China ................ Li Shi/001
1. The Present Situation of China’s Income Distritution ............./002
2. How Large is China’s Income Gap? ................................./011
3. Understanding the Increasing Income Gap? ........................../015
4. How to Improve the Income Distribution? .........................../024
Report 2 China’s Macro Economy and Changes of Labor Supply
and Demand ........................... Wang Dewen and Gao Wenshu/029
1. Employment Changes at the Stage of High Economic Growth .........../029
2. New Charateristics of Labor Supply and Demand
on Urban Labor Market ............................................/035
3. The Impacts of Economic Situation and Policies on Future
Labor Supply and Demand ........................................../045
4. Conclulsions and Policy Implications ............................../051
Report 3 New Stage of Legislation on China’s Labor Market . Wang Wenzhen/053
1. Employment Contract Law .........................................../053
2. Employment Promotion Law ........................................../063
3. Labor Disputes Mediation and Arbitration Law ....................../066
4. Regulations of Paid Annual Leave of Employees ...................../068
5. Implementation of the Laws and Regulations: Long Way to Go ......../070
Part Two
Chapter 1 Have Conditions for Decreasing Income Gap
Been Matured? ....................................... Cai Fang/071
1. Three Turning Points and Their Relationships ....................../071
2. Economic Growth and Income Distribution .........................../074
3. Conditions for Going beyond “Kuznets Turning Point” ............./076
4. Narrowing Income Gap with Employment Growth ......................./080
5. Decreasing Income Gap Through Labour Mobility ...................../084
Chapter 2 Lewisian Turning Point: China Experience ........... Wang Dewen/088
1. What is Lewisian Turning Point? .................................../089
2. Number of Rural Surplus Laborers ................................../092
3. Wage Changes ....................................................../097
4. Some Empirical Evidences ........................................../099
5. The Implications of Lewisian Turning Point for Development ......../101
Chapter 3 Lewisian Turning Point: International Experiences
........................................ Wang Dewen and Ren Ji/104
1. Theory and Empirical Experiences. ................................./104
2. Experiences of East Asia ........................................../111
3. Conclusions and Implications ....................................../119
Chapter 4 Wage Level, Wage Differences and Labor Cost ........... Du Yang/122
1. Wage Level and Its Changes ......................................../122
2. Labor Cost of Manufacturing and International Comparison ........../126
3. Wage Differences when Lewisian Turning Point Is Coming ............/131
4. Conclusions ......................................................./136
Chapter 5 Changes of Labor Productivity of Manufacturing and
Its Implications .......................... Du Yang and Qu Yue/138
1. Why Are We Examining Labor Productivity? ........................../138
2. Marginal Labor Productivity and Its Trend ........................./140
3. How Will Labor Cost Be Competitive after Lewisian Turning Point? ../148
4. Conclusions ......................................................./151
Chapter 6 Changes of Agricultural Productivity and Migration of
Rural Laborers .................................. Wang Zhiyong/154
1. Data and Methodology ............................................../154
2. Changes of Agricultural Marginal Product ........................../156
3. Labor Cost and Labor Average Product ............................../158
4. Regional Difference in Rural Labor Cost .........................../161
5. Conclusion ......................................................../165
Chapter 7 New Estimation on Rural Surplus Laborers and
Its Implications ........... Cai Fang, Du Yang and Wang Meiyan/167
1. Shortage of Existed Estimations on Rural Surplus Laborers ........./167
2. Situation of Rural Labor Allocation .............................../170
3. Estimations on Rural Surplus Laborers Based on Micro Data ........./173
4. Conclusions and Policy Implications .............................../177
Chapter 8 Experiences and Perspectives of Hukou System Reform
..................................... Wang Meiyan and Cai Fang/180
1. Establishment and Maintenance of Hukou System ...................../180
2. Hukou System Reform before 2000 .................................../183
3. Hukou System Reform in the New Century ............................/186
4. Some Thoughts on Hukou Sytem Reform .............................../189
Chapter 9 How to Understand Labor Supply and Demand Situation
....................... Du Yang, Wang Zhiyong and Wang Meiyan /194
1. Two Ways to Look at Labor Market Situation ......................../194
2. Results from Flow Method ........................................../196
3. Resulsts from Stock Method ......................................../202
4. Looking at Labor Market Situation from Supply and
Demand Increments ................................................/203
5. Answers to Some Questions ........................................./207
Chapter 10 Social Security of Migrant Workers ................ Wang Dewen/209
1. Coverage of Social Security for Migrant Workers .................../209
2. Why is Social Security Coverage for Migrant Workers So Low? ......./214
3. Priority of Participating in Social Security ....................../218
4. Progress of Social Security System Reform ........................./220
5. Conclusions and Policy Implications .............................../224
Chapter 11 Welfare Situation of Migrant Workers ................ Wang Ran/227
1. Data Description ................................................../228
2. Minimum Wage Coverage, Working Time, Wage Arrears
and Housing for Migrant Workers ................................../229
3. The Factors Which Affect Welfare Situation of Migrant Workers ...../240
4. Conclusions and Policy Implications .............................../246
Chapter 12 Natural Unemployment Rate and Employment Difficulties
Faced by Youth .................... Wang Dewen and Wang Meiyan/249
1. Changes of China’s Natural Unemployment Rate ...................../249
2. Youth Unemployment is An Important Part of Natural Unemployment .../254
3. Analysis on Difficulties Faced by College Students
to Get Employed ................................................../259
4. Countermeasures to Improve Youth Emloyment ......................../265
Chapter 13 Employment Situation and Employment Assistance
for Handicapped ...... Lai Desheng, Liao Juan and Hu Zhongming/269
1. Introduction ....................................................../269
2. Employment Situation of Handicapped .............................../270
3. Income and Poverty of Handicapped ................................./282
4. Employment Assistantance for Handicapped ........................../287
文章出处:社会科学文献出版社